The geothermal systems make use of the heat tapped beneath the surface of the earth to provide cooling and heating solutions to homes and buildings. These systems are based on the fact that the earth inside that is beneath the surface maintains a constant temperature through out what ever may be the weather outside. This heat beneath the surface of the earth is because of the high temperatures of the earth's mantle. The earth could actually be used as a source of heat and also as a sink. The process of cooling involves extracting heat from the air inside the building or homes and driving it away into the sink which in this case is the earth.
This process of driving the heat into the earth involves expansion, condensation, compression, condensation and evaporation. An agent is required to absorb the heat in the building or the house which usually is a refrigerant. The cooling process starts as the compressor delivers refrigerant to the water to refrigerant heat exchanger now the heat is transferred to the source of lower temperature such as well water which makes the refrigerant loose temperature and become colder. Now the refrigerant is made to pass through the refrigerant to air heat exchanger. As the warm and humid air passes over the cold air coil the air is de humidified and cooled this cooled air is then passed on inside the building.
The initial geothermal cooling costs are similar to the heating system which in this case also is high when compared to the traditional cooling systems such as air conditioners which use electricity and the methods involving burning the fossil fuels. These methods seem to be economical initially but when compared to the geothermal cooling costs these methods prove to costlier in the longer run. The geothermal system is of two types. One is the open loop cooling system and the other being the closed loop cooling system. The major geothermal cooling costs involved in the system results from the equipment and the drilling costs for installing the pipes and for locating water. In cases where there is a source of water such as a well the costs could come down significantly.
The system canals are shared commercially in case of several people sharing a building. When the building is occupied by tenants also the cost could be shared with them making the system viable. It also saves almost 30 to 50 percent of geothermal cooling costs when compared to the traditional methods of heating/cooling. As the geothermal system involves a lot of hardware as compared to the traditional system the total geothermal cooling cost obviously goes up. A typical geothermal system involves the following components heat pump, the circulating pump, indoor piping, and water source heat, piping beneath the earth surface and refrigerants used add up the cost. These systems do not require a lot of maintenance and are robust with the ability to withstand high temperatures. Hence though the system proves to be costlier initially it certainly proves to be very economical in the longer run.
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